P. M. S. Hacker in Vol 3 of his Analytical Commentary to the Philosophical Investigations of Ludwig Wittgenstein: “What prevents the literal applicability of concepts of thought, reason and inference to our calculating devices are not deficiencies in computational power, which may be overcome by fifth‐generation computers. Rather, it is the fact that machines are not alive. They have no biography, let alone autobiography. The concepts of growth, maturation and death have no application to them, nor do those of nutrition, health and reproduction. It makes no sense to attribute to a machine will or passion, desire or suffering. The concepts of thinking and reasoning, however, are woven into this rich web of psychological faculties. It is only of a living creature that we can say that it manifests those complex patterns of behaviour and reaction within the ramifying context of a form of life that constitute the grounds, in appropriate circumstances, for the ascription of even part of the network of psychological concepts.”
Not to be entirely flagrantly self-promoting, but my entire research is focused on AI welfare: https://izaktait.substack.com/
P. M. S. Hacker in Vol 3 of his Analytical Commentary to the Philosophical Investigations of Ludwig Wittgenstein: “What prevents the literal applicability of concepts of thought, reason and inference to our calculating devices are not deficiencies in computational power, which may be overcome by fifth‐generation computers. Rather, it is the fact that machines are not alive. They have no biography, let alone autobiography. The concepts of growth, maturation and death have no application to them, nor do those of nutrition, health and reproduction. It makes no sense to attribute to a machine will or passion, desire or suffering. The concepts of thinking and reasoning, however, are woven into this rich web of psychological faculties. It is only of a living creature that we can say that it manifests those complex patterns of behaviour and reaction within the ramifying context of a form of life that constitute the grounds, in appropriate circumstances, for the ascription of even part of the network of psychological concepts.”